Antioxidants (women, mixed/combo formulas)
The verdict
Low/very-low-quality evidence of a modest pregnancy-rate signal; live birth uncertain.
Any antioxidant supplement (vitamin C/E, CoQ10, selenium, melatonin, NAC, etc., alone or combined) marketed for female fertility.
What the evidence shows
Cochrane (Showell 2020): low- to very-low-quality evidence. Live birth uncertain (very low quality); low-quality evidence suggests a possible increase in clinical pregnancy rate. No increase in miscarriage, multiples, GI effects, or ectopic pregnancy.
A 2024 umbrella review found multiple micronutrients/antioxidants associated with higher live birth in ART and spontaneous-conception populations, but rated the certainty very low.
Evidence tier
Cochrane review (weak)🔵 A Cochrane systematic review exists; evidence is low/very-low certainty.
Sources
Take this further
Last reviewed .